Directions:
The debate about the basis upon which we form category judgements has had a very long history (Plato’s ideal forms, Berkeley’s rejection of the “general triangle” etc.) More recently cognitive psychologists have entered this debate and have, predictably, generated theories that fall roughly into two historically respectable categories: “memory for individual instances” and “rule abstraction”.
a. Compare template with prototype theories.
b. Â What is the advantage prototype theories have over template theories?
c. Describe the Posner and Keele (1968) study in which a prototype is formed of a set of nine dots placed randomly on a screen.
d. What is the logic behind the conclusion that their results support an abstraction process in the formation of a prototype? Given the same results, how might it be argued that an “individual instances” approach could also explain the data?
e. (Optional) Is there any research that may throw some light on the question of abstraction vs. individual instances? (Simply saying “yes” or “no” will not do here).
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